Why Team Chemistry in Club Volleyball Is a Measurable Psychological Variable

The Group Environment Questionnaire (GEQ)

In 1985, Albert Carron published the Group Environment Questionnaire – the gold standard for measuring team cohesion in sport for four decades. It measures four dimensions:

• ATG-T: Attraction to Group – Task. Individual value of collective performance goals.
• ATG-S: Attraction to Group – Social. Individual value of social bonds.
• GI-T: Group Integration – Task. Shared perception of unity around performance.
• GI-S: Group Integration – Social. Shared perception of social closeness.

Why Task Cohesion Outweighs Social Cohesion

Task cohesion is a stronger predictor of performance than social cohesion. Teams aligned around performance goals consistently outperform teams that are socially close but task-diffuse.

The Competitive Advantage

A structured 5-minute post-practice debrief raises GEQ scores 18% over six weeks. VBallStars’ Team Builder assessment uses the validated GEQ framework to give coaches a data view of their team’s cohesion profile.